Presented by:- Mr. Hang P.
MA (Sociology), JNU, New Delhi

ABSTRACT:
Laisim pen sangnaupang-te maimai nasep hilou a, mi zousia adia theina kibelapna ahia, tualeh “text-bu” maimai sim pen laisim chitah lou ahidan tami article in a tahlang hi. Laibu khawl a sut leh sim maimai hun tawh lou a, tami Zou kam a laibu ki “publish” um sunsunte kichup tah a kepbitna (archival documentation) a poimaw dan zong agen hi.


THU CHABI (KEY WORDS): lai simthei-gelhthei (literate), laigelh kepbitna (archives), hunbih nei a thusuo (journal), asung athu umte suina (content analysis)




MEANING OF MASS LITERACY
“LITERATE” I CHI CHIENG in ‘simthei leh gielthei’ china ahi tangpi hi. Ham khat poupou a simthei gieltheite literacy rate kilahna a akisimtel jel hi. India sung ah Mizoram leh Kerela te literacy rate sangpente ahia, ngaituona khat ah sapham siem leh laisiem tam ding in ingaisut hi, ahikholsih hi. Amau ham (local dialect) a simthei leh gielthei atam zieh ua a literacy rate uh tam ahijaw hi.



Mass literacy ichi chieng in simthei gielthei guoh ahisih a, khotang hinkhuo a mitvahna (social awakening), social sense neina chilei jong achi thei ding hi. Kristian biehna igam a ahing lut apat nasatah in ikhotang hinkhuo uh ahing kikhel hi. Eima ham in Bible, Laiteng/Laizem ihing nei pan ta ua, mipi mitvahna lienpi ahing tut hi. Mass Literacy hantna ding in adieh in eima ham a laibu leh journal te nei apoimaw hi. Tualeh laisimna lam a mitvahna neite'n mawpuohna lienpi inei uhi. Amau'n athei nate uh midang hilsawn/piehsawn dan athei uh apoimaw hi. Laigiel tungtawn ahiei, Awareness Campaign ahiei, ahilouleh seminar/Workshop tungtawn in midang a pesawn thei uhi. Nam tawmnoukhat hinanlei sim leh maal a kithethang ihijieh in Seminar/Workshop leh Awareness Campaign te effective tah a bawl ding sil hamsapi hiding ahiman in Laigiel habawl khu ahoipen khat asuoh hi. Laibu ahiei, agielthaw ahiei in mun saupi a zel suoh thei a, tuaban ah gamgi jong bailamtah in akaan thei hi.


Ei Zou sung ah Journalism lam iniem lai mama ua, Journal hoitah genlou Newspaper khat beh jong inei jou naisih uhi. Journal leh Newspaperte ahileh window bang ahia, amau apat khovel ningli a siltungte I innsung ilupna tung ah imuthei hi. Ei Zoute'n eima ham in khatbeh inei sih ua, tuazieh in window neilou ina hi khinkhien ua, bangma I inn pulam a sil umte imuthei sih uhi. I mute uzong mi window apat I et ana hizaw hi. tuajieh in jong ahi khangtou hatlou a, mi iphahla na uh. Eima ham a ineilou chieng in ngaidan hoi pipi neite, thuhoi-lahoi theite'n jong akupna ding space inei sih ua, miham a umte alah vakup ding jong alem chan lou hun a umjel hi. `Mi a' (theirs) leh `Ei a' (Ours) chi in gen tampi anei hi. Mi khenkhat in apoimaw dan thei in ahing pankhe zel ua, hinanleh sawt dailou in abeimang suh jel hi.


Tuni tan a ei Zouham a Journal dan a peisawt pente ahileh Gospel Tangkou leh Kristian Tangkou tea hi. Tam tegel zong Kristian Journal ahijieh in secular ideate vakup na ding in alemtang sih a, jong asaitu te'n apom thei sih uhi. Kristian Journal ahi mabang in Kristian Hinkhuo, Ginna, Thumna poimawdan, Sawm-a-Khat poimawdante akisuo tangpi hi. Secular thute asuo vang mama ua, tuaban ah adahuoi mama khat kia ahileh denomination dungjui in readership/subscription a um kia nalai a, readership aneu khopmai hi. Inter-denominational circulation/subscription umlou chi ding phiel ahi. I laisuote nasan uh denomination in ipeisah ua, bangchi'n lungsim,tahsa leh bieha ah khat in I umthei mawng ding uai?

ROLE OF LOCAL JOURNALISM: THE TANGKOUS
Eima ham a Journal/Newspaper in nasatah in mipi lungsim ah na asem thei hi. ngaidan kupna, mun tuomtuom a siltungte kihilsawnna, kihillawhna te eima ham a inei chieng in ahing hithei pan ding hi. Hinanleh eite'n tambang a iham a laigiel suothei nading inei vawtsih ua, puohnat huoi isa uhi.UZO leh ZSP te maimai in jong mipi jahsah ding thusuo khat bawl ut uleh mi a avakawm uh angai nalai a, khat veivei alemtang lou hun a umtham ding hi. Laigiel tungtawn in mipi lungsim a seh(mould) thei a, mipi thuzawna hoipen khat ahi. World History a kigen minthang French revolution ichite jong agenthaw maimai hilou in agielthaw te jieh in mipi khanlawna nasatah atung a, tuachi'n revolution ahing pieng thei a, tuni'n gam khangtoute lah a khat a simtel ahita uhi. Tualeh India in jong Independence asuol lai in nasatah in laigiel tungtawn in mipi kung ah thuhilna anei ua, Bengal Gazette, Punjab Kesari chite mipi thuzawna ding a avanzat hoipen uh ana hi hi.


Tuabang in eite'n jong ilunggelte, I ngaidante gieldoh nading khat maimai neithei lei I nam sung ah khanlawna hingtut ngei ding a lam et ahi.

FACTORS AFFECTING LOCAL JOURNALISM

Eite society a Journalism lam hatlou jieh ahileh abihtah in market neujieh ahi, ichi thei chiet ua, hinanleh market neu sung a bangchi survive ding e chipen ingaisut ngaisih uhi. Sil khat photphot minautang in ahing pomdet a ahing pahtat nading in hun sawtpi alut hi. Tuahun sung a I survive leh inasep apeitou suoh ding hi. En tuahun sung jong survive joulou in isepte amitsuh jel hi. I lungsimneu jieh uh ahipen hi. Etsahna'n Lamka ah Cooking gas LPG ahing um tung lai in mitamjaw'n ana ngaisang kholsih a, sing leh meihol tamna gam ah Gas bang ding e chilawi, Bomb bang a puohkeh thei ahi chilawi pawl bang a um hi. Hinanleh hun tomkhat jou in leh tuni'n inn tamjaw ah LPG Cylinder mu in a umta hi. Tuahunlai in LPG Agency hing polut te ana lungke tale uh tuni in bangma ahisih ding ua, Annhuon dan jong tuni abang lou ding ahi. Business kichipen asawtjaw pouleh det deudeu in aphungching deudeu hi. Laigiel Laisuo jong business neujaw ahia, apeidan theisiem apoimaw hi.


Ei Zouham a Journal/Newspaper lawchin loujieh hi a kathei leh mudoh khat ahileh laisim ingaisang nai sih ua, sum senna tah in ikoi nai sih uhi. Mantamlou hinanleh eima sum a valei sang in mi leisa vasim ahiei vakhel chipen ichindan uh ahia, mi'n anei leh sim aneisih uleh simloute ihi uhi.Laisim khu student ading in ikoi ua, upa lamte'n lai simnonlou ding dan bang in ikoi mawh ua, upa zi leh ta neisa laibu tuomtuom sim a hunjang muding ivang mama hi. Tuabanah student te'n jong i syllabus uh chilou ngal laibu dang simding ingaituo khasih uhi. Laisim ingaithupi lou uleh bangchi'n laibu leina'n sum iseng ngap ma diei maw ! Laisim ithasiet zieh un lungsim leh vaihawmna ah mi iphasih uhi. Laisim tam khu aval lam koima'n tunita'n ana genkha naisih hi. Mithupi,miminthang tamjawte leh gamkhangtoute jong laibu tuomtuom asimna uapat a pilna hingnga a, lunggel hing neithei uh ahijaw hi. Laisim ithasiet jieh un I innpulam uh imupha sih ua, eima ngaidan leh deidan adihpen a koi a Pawlpi, Khosung, Nampi puihuoi sawmna lungtang inei uhi. Laisim ithasiet laisie uh mi iphala ding hi.


Tuaban ah Kristian journal hitalejong KT(Kristian Tangkou) jong kumkhat a subscription fee Rs.30/- maimai ahivang in koima'n pieh ding ngaisahlou ahiman in Issue teng ah Subscription Fee phulna Regular tah in tambang in akigiel jing hi ` Simtu deitah, na KT lahman dangka ______ nape naisih, hingpe ding in kang ngen hi'. Siljumhuoi tah ahi. Asimlou uchu bangdi'n a fee apema ding uai?KT en talei MGP in khochi'n ah Agent anei a, Agent te'n ana hawmsawn jel uhi. Hinanleh mitamjaw te'n nau eh sia na pou, ahisihleh inn ning khat ah leivui kaithelthul in akoi uhi. 8% to 10% vel maimai in lunglut tah in asim uh chi kamu hi.(Ka kholam ua ka mudan apat ahi.)


WHAT AFTER READING? ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTATION

I gensa bang in laibu manphatdan theilou in mi'n hun tampi, lungsim tampi lut a ahing bawlkhiehte eipawl in ehsiehna ding maimai in inei thei nalai uhi. Journal hoitah nei henlen sim masah paimang tawmtawm lei bang aphatuom diei? Laibu khat hing kisuokhei pen ahuntah in hoisih taleh jong hun hingpei jel ding kum bangjat ekhat jou chieng in gou manphatah ahing suohthei hi. Adieh in ei Zou sung ah laikepbitdan ding ngaipoimawna ina neikhasih ua, tuhun in buoina ituoh panpan ta uhi. Etsahna naipen in Zou sung ah gospel hinglut hunte bang ibuoipi ta ua, khat theidan leh khat theidan akibang tasih a, Golden Jubilee jah hun ding ajong ikisel buoi ta uhi. Written in ana um ngei ding a hinanleh ana kepbit loujieh uh ahi mai hi. Oral History pen kingah theina tahtah hilou a, tunia umte khatvei chieng a umnonlou ding ahijieh in. Tuaban ah ei Delhi a Zou umte'n jong ipilvang sihleh mailam ah kiselbuoi theina ding khat in ahing ngah gige in kamu hi. Delhi ZSP kiphukhiehdan, amun leh Phutkhe tute kigeilna Record tuni'n muding in a umnon sih a, Silver Jubilee, Golden Jubilee te hing jang utlei abuoihuoi ding abang ta hi. Tuni'n nang leh ke'n ithei ua, hinanleh nang leh kei I um gige khol sih ding hi.


Tuajieh in asuokhieh leh sim maimai hilou in akepbit dan jong ithei uh apoimaw kia hi. Laibu khat hing kisuo, Journal a Article hing kisuo te ahileh ahun tawh kituoha kigiel ahi tangpi a, tuajieh in khonung chieng in hunpeisate etkiana leh isociety etkiana ding a vanzat hoipen ahing suohjel hi. Tuathamlou in midang tawh correspondence inei na laite leh Personal Diary vel bang hoitah a maintain ibawl thei leh eima a ding in phattuomna tampi a um maithei hi.


NEED OF THE TIME

Tunia khanglaite'n ibawl ding ua poimaw pen ahileh laibu tamsim leh ineisun te kepbit ding ban ah eima ham a Journal neithei nading panlah ding ahi. Laibu itam sim laisia I lungsim ngaituona alien deudeu a, itheina jong akibe guoh hilou in silpei ding dante jong ihing thei thei hi. Munchi'n gamchi'n totsuoh nading ineisa'n chinlou ahijieh in ibawlthei pen i innmun a laibu tuomtuom sim in gam tampi mun tampi ituonsuoh thei hi. Laisim pibawl in, ihun awng neisun te uh houlim nopna maimai a zangbei lou in laibu tuomtuom simna'n neisawm ta vai. Laisim Hobby a neisawm chiet ding in panla vai.

CASE STUDY OF KRISTIAN TANGKOU (An Organ of Manipur Gam Presbyterian)
Period Of Study: June 2000 To January 2005 (Vol.27 to Vol. 33, No. I)

Contents Analysis

Secular Journal neilou ihijieh un[2], Journal inei sun uh copy kamu theipen KT case study ding in kahing lamai hi. KT sung a thu kigiel te ahileh Kristian hinkhuo, Kristian Innkuon, Hattuom tawh kisai leh Pawlpi gindan tawh kisai thute ahia, article tamzawte Bible pansan leh Bible toh kituoh a giel ahi tangpi hi. Kristian unau khat leh khat kihanthawnna, thumna nei dingdan, chite aki uong gen mama hi. Secular article akisuo vang mama hi. Secular article dan a mutheite ahileh ZCC-MGP kigawm ding hoisahna thu, Zou laiteng zahdan tawh kisai, BSEM in Zou MIL approve abawlthu, 6th Schedule tawh kisai, Mr. Muonthang, IFS Interview na thute ahi. A sunga thute khovel thu tawh kisai atawm ban ah, a Journal quality a hoi hetsih a, spelling error atam ban ah arrangement jong akitup sih a, sim hahsa mama hi. July 2002 apat Computer/ Offset Printing in akisuo pan a, simtha nuam umdeu in spelling error jong atawm deuta hi. Tuaban ah Editor ahing kihenga, quality improve ahi ban ah contents jong nahpi'n improve ahing bawl hi. Editorial jong secular Idea ahing lut deu ta hi. Nidang a kisuo ngailou thute – Manipur Assembly election Result, World Cup Football thute detail tah in akisuo a, tualeh Column thah Health Column jong ahing pankhia hi. Health Column sung ah Malaria apat kiveng ding dan, Damdawi tuomtuom poimawdan leh zahding dan te tahlang in a um hi. tualeh December 2004 apat cover page colour in akisuo a, etlawm in thanop ahuoi deu ta hi.


Article te ahileh atamjaw Pastorte, Upate, Local Upate, Khanglai Lamkaite, NumeiPawl Lamkaite leh khosung Hattuom a mi kijangte giel ahi tangpi a, minautang (lay person) in agiel tawm mama hi. Article gieltute hina enlei asuon huoi taluo umlou chimai ding ahi. Laisimna lam ah BA,BD,neite asang pawlte ahi uhi. (Amau kasimmawna ahisih a isociety dinmun uh ka gen utna ahijaw hi). Ahileh I laisiem neisunte uh heilang a umta? Tami'n a etsah ahileh lailam a zilna sang nei itawm ban ah, a umsun te'n jong society puohnatna inei sih ua, apawnate'n jong ngaidan kupna ding space inei sih uhi. KT alah secular article te suotheilou dingdan in ngaidan inei zel ua.

WHAT CAN BE DONE?

Zoham in secular journal, Newspaper inei sih uhi chi ithei ua, tua ahileh khattei beh nei ding in hoi isa uai? Ahisihleh ineisunte uh KT, GT(Gospel Tangkou) te puophat a huoplet sah ding hoi isa uai ? ei society a laikisuote sawt dailou dan igenta ua, tua ahileh sawtpi ana peita ban ah phungdet sa jong ana hi KT leh GT te huoplet sah khu option hoipen khat asuoh hi. KT leh GT te Kristian journal ahima hi, hinanleh khovel a siltung thupi leh poimawte (world important events) khenkhat tuonsah in bang asietna a um diei? Kristian gindan tawh akikalna bang a um a. Etsahna'n America'n Presidential Election thute leh Tsunami tangthu te tuongsah lei singtang dawn a um inaupi te ading in nah phattuom nava e maw! Ei town sung a umte'n pen eiham a aum louvang in hamdang ah idei teng ina simthei jel ua, hinanleh I unaupi singtang a umte ading in KT, GT khu khovel amutheina umsun uh ahi ding hi. Kristian hinkhuo a iki hasawt bang in khovel lam thu/siltungte zong kihil sawn lei tusang a nahpi a ilungsim uh apichin gintat ahi. Pasienthu jong ipoimaw ua, tahsa a hinglai ihijieh in khovel thujong ipoimaw uhi. Mizoram ah Presbyterian Pawlpi in nasatah in gamsung vaihawmna ah thuneina aneithei uhi. Amau'n khovelthu chi'n ngaisah sih le uh tuni in tambang in khangtou lou amaithei uh ahi. Eilawi in Pasienthu leh Khovelthu pen Ui leh Keel bang in ikoi pawngsan ua, adihlou na chieng a um hi. I Journal neisunte uh Quality, Quantity leh Scope of Contents nahpi a puohphat a huoplien sah apoimaw ban ah, ngainatna nei a sim kithalawp sah imawpuohna uh hi in ka thei hi.

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1 Tami thului (paper) ahileh Zou Workshop Delhi (April 2005), Greater Kailash I, a Tv. Paulianhang (Hang P) in a luikhiat ahi. Tun sung ah zong sim thei ta hi.

[2] Tami paper presentation a kibawl lai tah April 2005 in Zopatong (Lamka apat kisun pen) kipan nai lou hi.